Negative and close-to-zero values of the energy storage rate can be used as a plastic instability criterion on the macroscale. It was shown that, before the specimen fracture in a specific area, the energy storage rate is equal to zero (the material loses the ability to store energy), and the energy stored during the deformation process is released and dissipated as heat. On the basis of the obtained test results, the energy storage rate, defined as the ratio of the stored energy increment to the plastic work increment, was calculated and expressed in reference to selected sections of the specimen. During experimental procedures, infrared and visible-range images of strain and temperature fields were recorded simultaneously using infrared thermography (IR) and digital image correlation (DIC) systems. In each cycle, the increase in elongation of the gauge part of the specimen was constant. The loading process was carried out in a hybrid strain–stress manner. Specimens were subjected to cyclic loading at the frequency of 2 Hz. The low-cycle deformation of 304L austenitic stainless steel was examined in terms of energy conversion.
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